The most popular places in Canada where immigrants traditionally settle are the three largest cities; Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. This trend continues, but according to the 2016 Census, more newcomers are settling in the Prairie provinces (a regional term that includes Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba).
1. Ontario (Toronto)
Ontario is the most populated Canadian province in which most of the country’s immigrants reside and its capital, Toronto, is the largest city in Canada. In 2016, 39% of recent immigrants lived there and newcomers consist of 46.1% of Toronto’s population. The absolute number of immigrants in the province is almost four million. However, the share of recent immigrants choosing Ontario decreased from 55.9% in 2001, which means more newcomers are choosing to settle in other provinces. I think it is because immigrating to Ontario has become harder than to other destinations. As many people prefer living in Ontario for employment opportunities and diverse ethnic communities. Thus, competition to get into the province is fierce.
2. Quebec (Montreal)
The next most popular province for recent immigrants is Quebec, of which the largest city is Montreal. In 2016, 17.8% of immigrants chose Quebec. This share is higher than 13.7% in 2001 and 17.5% in 2006. In Montreal, newcomers made up 23.4% of its population. Quebec’s official language is French. French skills are mandatory to immigrate here. Note that Quebec has their own immigration programs and regulations independently governed by the provinces government.
3. Alberta (Calgary & Edmonton)
A growing number of new immigrants settle in Alberta these days. The percentage of newcomers residing in the province increased from 6.9% in 2001 to 17.1% in 2016. It is even higher than in British Columbia (14.5%). One of the significant factors for this increased number of immigrants in Alberta is its growing economy. According to the Labour Force Survey, “Alberta had the largest employment growth from 2011 to 2016 (7.8%)”. The national average growth is only 5%. That is, recent immigrants choose cities such as Calgary and Edmonton for the employment opportunities. We shall see if this will remain even after the Alberta Immigrant Nominee Program (AINP) makes changes to its immigration streams strengthening English and/or French language and work experience requirements effective January 2, 2018.
4. British Columbia (Vancouver)
British Columbia is one of the recent immigrants’ favourite provinces in Canada to settle. As Vancouver, the largest city in the province, is ranked one of the most livable cities in the world, many people would like to immigrate to the city. The percentage of immigrants living in Vancouver is 40.8%. According to Statistics Canada, however, British Columbia received decreased proportions of the overall number of newcomers over the past 15 years, from 19.9% in 2001 to 14.5% in 2016. It can be seen partially due to the newly implemented BC Provincial Nominee Program since late 2015. The provincial program has adopted a points-based, relative ranking system which allows the BC government to select the highest scoring applicants in the pool like Express Entry, a federal skilled worker immigration system. Thus, only competitive applicants in terms of education level, language skills and work experience can immigrate to BC. It is expected to change next year as the cut-off scores are getting lower in every invitation round.
5. Manitoba (Winnipeg) & Saskatchewan (Saskatoon, Regina)
Manitoba and Saskatchewan recently attracted more immigrants than before. In Manitoba, the share of recent immigrants increased from 1.8% in 2001 to 5.2% in 2016. 4.3% of newcomers moved into Winnipeg, the capital of Manitoba, between 2011 and 2016. Saskatchewan also saw an increased share from just under 1% in 2001 to 4% in 2016. According to Statistics Canada, it is largely driven by the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP). Over half of recent immigrants residing in Manitoba and Saskatchewan were accepted through this program while merely 16.4% of all new immigrants came to Canada under the PNP nationally.